Economic importance of coconut fruit. Botanical description and Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. [145] They can also be processed to extract palm sugar. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. Corrections? Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995.
Why Is Coconut Abundant In The Philippines? - Sweetish Hill [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. PETA later clarified that the use of macaques is not practiced in the Philippines, India, Brazil, Colombia, Hawaii, and other major coconut-producing regions. Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. [18][19][20], A full-sized coconut fruit weighs about 1.4 kilograms (3pounds 1ounce). In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. [172] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. [171] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). Coconut oil has anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for irritated, chafed skin. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. More recently, genomic analysis of cultivated coconut (C.nucifera L.) has shed light on the movement. In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. [131][86] Most of the fat is saturated (89%), with lauric acid being the major fatty acid. The husks can be used as flotation devices. Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Home Fruits What Is The Importance Of Coconut? In 1987, a "coconut law" was signed by Governor Edwin Edwards exempting from insurance liability any decorated coconut "handed" from a Zulu float. Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. In addition to its use as a food, the coconut is also a source of oil, which is used in cooking and in the production of a range of products, including soaps, cosmetics, and candles. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. These two forms are referred to by the Samoan terms niu kafa for the elongated wild coconuts, and niu vai for the rounded domesticated Pacific coconuts. Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. Mathur, P.N. The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. She has worked in some of the worlds most prestigious kitchens, and has published several cookbooks that have become bestsellers. The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus.
India: economic contribution of coconut | Statista Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces.
Coconuts can contribute over $400bn to Nigerian economy annually - Official [37][38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. [23] However, there is some evidence that it may be polygamomonoecious and may occasionally have bisexual flowers. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil could also help reduce acne. Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. Domesticated coconuts also have more amounts of coconut water. These are grown for recreational purposes or as an income generator. Nevin KG. It is produced as the endosperm nourishes the developing embryo. Other cultivars of niu leka may also exist in other islands of the Pacific, and some are probably descendants of advanced crosses between Compact Dwarfs and Southeast Asian Dwarf types.[11][65]. Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. She earned her B.A.
Lagos and the coconut connection - The Guardian Nigeria News It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. [13] Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. For for the bucking horse, see. In the Philippines, the traditional tool is known as the halabas and is made from a long bamboo pole with a sickle-like blade mounted at the tip. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk orcoconut oil. [18][19] Niu vai endocarp fragments have been recovered in archaeological sites in the St. Matthias Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. Economic importance of coconut pdf. Because coconut milk and oil nourish skin, moisturizing, restorative, vitality to skin, has a radiant effect. She earned her B.A. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. [32], Further complicating measures to determine the evolutionary history of Cocos is the genetic diversity present within C. nucifera as well as its relatedness to other palms. The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia.
Coconut meal: Nutraceutical importance and food industry application They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Coconut oil is also considered good for hair. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." On account of this, thepalm has been regarded as Kalpvriksh (Tree of heaven). and Koop Wind (Eds.). Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. Domesticated Pacific coconuts, on the other hand, are rounded in shape with a thinner husk and a larger amount of endosperm. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. The discovery of this behavior was observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. [143], The sap can be reduced by boiling to create a sweet syrup or candy such as te kamamai in Kiribati or dhiyaa hakuru and addu bondi in the Maldives. [101][102], Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Coconut Research Center. Be notified when an answer is posted. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. [86][87][88][84], The pole method uses a long pole with a cutting device at the end. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. Why Are There No Coconuts In North India? Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Some of the dwarf cultivars such as 'Malayan dwarf' have shown some promising resistance to lethal yellowing, while other cultivars such as 'Jamaican tall' are highly affected by the same plant disease. Wiki User. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. : B.arenosella, B.atriloqua (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), B.mathesoni (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), and B. Malakatad (literally "leather-like") refers to fully mature coconut meat (around 8 to 9 months old) with an opaque white appearance, a tough rubbery to leathery texture, and is difficult to separate from the shell. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment.
(PDF) The Coconut Industry: A Review of Price - ResearchGate The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. [112], In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration declared that coconut must be disclosed as an ingredient on package labels as a "tree nut" with potential allergenicity. Coconut water is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when consumed as a drink. These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? [citation needed], The two most common harvesting methods are the climbing method and the pole method. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. What Does The Fig Tree Represent In John 1? Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. There are currently two major viewpoints on the origins of the genus Cocos, one in the Indo-Pacific, and another in South America. The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches.
[61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). [52][53] Other evidence for a Central Indo-Pacific origin is the native range of the coconut crab; and the higher amounts of C. nucifera-specific insect pests in the region (90%) in comparison to the Americas (20%), and Africa (4%). Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. [6] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). Dried coconut leaves can be burned to ash, which can be harvested for lime. [78], A more controversial method employed by a small number of coconut farmers in Thailand and Malaysia use trained pig-tailed macaques to harvest coconuts. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut.
Economic importance of coconut pdf - Znvyi Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java, Subscribe with your email address to receive pricelist and updates. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. [132] Coconut milk can be diluted to create coconut milk beverages. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. It is the dominant form in the Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F). The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent, and polyphyllous showing imbricate aestivation in both the whorls. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside.
The Philippine Coconut Industry: Status, Policies and Strategic Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut - agriinfo.in While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. Elzebroek, A.T.G. [18][19][20] Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. . [27][29][30] Conran et al. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population.
What Coconut Symbolizes? - Sweetish Hill Very very educational many thanx for your elaborate description.Raheem, Your email address will not be published. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986.
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