Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students' strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. Get up, go to bed and do your work at the same time every day. Careers. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). COVID-19 has led to global dramatic shifts in daily life. Students practiced their emerging skills in simulated emergency scenarios. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Undoubtedly, the period has been stressful for nursing students. Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Biaorudzki M, Mazur J. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Disclaimer. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One (Eds.). Peter C. Mather, PhD, is a professor and department chair at Ohio University. Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Personality and coping. doi: 10.2196/22817. Stress, coping and gender differences in third year medical students. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. Control-coping goodness-of-fit and chronic illness: A systematic review of the literature. You might have lost funding or your job. However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). Accessibility Int J Environ Res Public Health. An official website of the United States government. Medicine, Psychology. Ask your supervisor for help. On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. Johnson (2020) indicated that 35% of students reported increased anxiety associated with a move from face-to-face to online learning in the spring 2020 semester, matching the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak. Students substance use (mean) and, Fig 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles to optimal levels (Madhyastha et al., 2014). Instead of worrying about our ambiguous future, focus on solving immediate problems. Interestingly, after the onset of the pandemic, the predictor role of certain PsyCap dimensions shifted. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. PMC WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Visit your App store or the Houseparty Appwebsite. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. Relationship of Demographic Factors, Psychological Capital, and Coping Strategies With Change in PERMA Elements, Note. Our mental health is in constant flux and ebbs and flows on a daily basis. Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Other coping strategies, such as denial, self-blame, distraction, and substance use, are more often associated with negative emotions, such as shame, guilt, lower perception of self-efficacy, and psychological distress, rather than making efforts to remediate them (Billings & Moos, 1984). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. They could also be adapted to provide services online. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. (2018). This instrument is used widely in studies with university students (e.g., Madhyastha et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 2008). https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). Int J Environ Res Public Health. Prior to COVID-19, self-efficacy and optimism were the two major psychological resources that predicted university student well-being. Jardin, C., Mayorga, N. A., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Sharp, C., Cardoso, J. Current Psychology. Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). Two significant challenges to counseling professionals on college campuses are the lack of resources to adequately respond to mental health concerns among students and the stigma associated with accessing services (R. P. Gallagher, 2014; Michaels et al., 2015). McGonigal, J. In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. The experience of emotional wellbeing. Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. (2009). Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. Get enough sleep. Students use of self-blame (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19, MeSH Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Westers recommends trying some of these techniques to help your child cope with back-to-school anxiety during COVID-19: Validate and listen to any concerns. Consider recreating important events once its safe. Support expected during the pandemic:. It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Random House. Stress Health, 31(3), 180188. (2018). A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. National Library of Medicine The PCQ-12 utilizes a 6-point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Penguin. https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. B., & Everette James, A. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). (2008). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Objectives: To explore and describe the coping strategies used by student nurses during COVID-19. Priscilla Rose Prasath, Peter C. Mather, Christine Suniti Bhat, Justine K. James. The .gov means its official. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Your classes may now be virtual. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. WebMaintain adequate nutrition by eating three healthy meals per day; now is a great time to try new recipes! Additionally, each pillar of PERMA has been shown to be positively associated with physical health, optimal well-being, and life satisfaction and negatively correlated with depression, fatigue, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and negative emotion (Butler & Kern, 2016). -. Front. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Stumbling on happiness. International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . P = Positive Emotion, WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. 2023. Web1. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Foremost among these is that data were collected using self-report measures, and in the case of the PERMA-Profiler, data were collected using the retrospective recall of participants as they considered their well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. (2011). Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Coping Strategies as a Mediator Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the effects continue to be widespread and ongoing. Sci Prog. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. (2009). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6, Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. (2012). Data Collection Procedures Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which See this image and copyright information in PMC. Before Frequent breaks can help you re-engage in your work. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. 2011;81: 101107: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x And there are ways to lessen your stress. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness.